Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula :: Dracula Essays

Use Of The Diary Form Narrative in The Novel Dracula Bram Stoker, being the creative and intellectual writer himself, wrote the novel Dracula in the diary form of narrative. This was a good choice of how to write the novel since it was very beneficial to the plot of Dracula. Examples of how the diary form is beneficial to Dracula is seen in his writing and book. One of the greatest benefits of the diary narrative is that the reader is allowed see, and feel the emotional hearts and souls of the emotional characters. This is great because when a character is not feeling too great and is trying hide something, the reader knows this, and therefore the reader knows everything that is happening; nothing is being hidden from the reader. An example of this happening is when Mina is at the insane asylum and is worried sick about something happening to Jonathan Harker. Mina hides all that she feels when Jonathan Harker is near her. All that Mina is feeling is written by herself, and what, how she is feeling is ready for a reader to examine because they are able to see her diary. If Mina's diary was not open to the reader, or if Someone was telling of what he or she saw, the observation could be false and the reader would lose valuable information that would be valuable to the whole plot of the book. Some things that can be noticed about the diary form is that different views of the same thing can be expressed by many different people; all in first person view. Then, along with that, there are extensive and very detailed descriptions about a thing, or person that is being described. In the novel, this is seen as Jonathan Harker is traveling and he describes almost everything, he does, eat, sees, etc. Another use of the diary form is that Bram Stoker can have people "talk to themselves." So if the person who is writing in his or her diary, that person can make notes to him/herself writing "I must ask the Count about this." So by "talking to him/her own self" in this manner, he is writing it down and they do not in any way make it so that they seem strange in front of public.

History of Movie Theaters in Louisiana and the Surrounding Area Essay

When we think of the history of the traditional, American movie going, a number of images come to mind: the mighty organ accompanying a movie palace’s silent-era feature, the Iconic searchlights proclaiming a Golden Age Hollywood premiere, teenagers cruising at the local drive in, an audience of otherwise sensibly attired adults wearing cardboard, and young adults carrying five dollar bills to the Cineplex at the end of the mall in order to see the latest sequel. But while these iconic, even stereotypical, images suggest something of the truth behind the American movie theater’s history, they also omit much of the social reality that has co-existed along with these instances of the mainstream filmgoing experience. While Hollywood features and first-run urban theaters may have greater single importance than any other mode of exhibition, a number of other important alternatives have fleshed out audiences’ encounters with film. One such alternative, with a fascinating yet understudied history all its own, was the Black movie house circuit that existed in the United States from (at least) 1907 until the 1970’s (Crafton 412). With the project in mind of examining the cultural, social, and economic history of Black film theaters. I will discuss in this essay the development of Black film theaters in Austin, Texas, focusing especially on that city’s longest standing and most prominent â€Å"show†, the Harlem Theater. Although movies came to the Texas capital before the turn of the century and all-movie theaters began to proliferate there during America’s post-1905 nickelodeon boom, the first recorded â€Å"colored† film theater – the Dixie-Dale – opened in Austin in 1920 under the management of Joseph Trammell. I found no other details about Trammell or the Dixie-Dale, but it is recorded that after two years the theater was renamed the Lincoln and managed by A. C. Lawson until it closed in 1928 or 1929. Austin also supported a second Black movie house in the 1920s. The Lyric, which opened in 1922, just one block east of the downtown Lincoln, was owned and operated by Dr. Everett H. Givens, a practicing dentist (with an office next door) who would become Austin’s most prominent Black civic leader from the 1930s until his death in 1962. For reasons unclear at this point, Dr. Givens’ Lyric, which changed its name to the Dunbar when A. C. Lawson took over its management in 1929, survived the Lincoln by a few years, closing in 1931. Whether the fist Black film theaters in Austin closed due to the Depression, the cost of converting to sound, or some other reason, is impossible to judge given the paucity of data available about these enterprises. However, placing the existence of the Lincoln and the Lyric in the contexts of both African American life in Austin and the concurrent national Black film theater scene enhances a historical understanding of these two houses both as business and as entertainment venues. From a national perspective, we know that the motion picture theater, with its roots in the Jim Crow era, had always been subject to racial segregation. Sometimes Black patrons were restricted to balconies or other special sections of the theater, but Black-only theaters were common in the United States from at least 1910, a year when a Black newspaper in Washington wrote matter-of-factly that â€Å"there are separate motion picture theaters among the whites and blacks in this country†(Washington Bee 4). Although at the turn of the century â€Å"there was hardly a theater for colored people in the entire United States† (Negro Yearbook, 24), by 1925, there were at least 425 Black theaters (of all types), virtually all of which offered films â€Å"in whole or part. Of these, nearly half were, like the Lyric and possibly the Lincoln, Black-owned (Negro Yearbook, 379). But ownership of Black movie houses, in contrast to the first-run, White theaters of the day, was not done by regional or national chains, nor by affiliated circuits; because houses operated independently, the dynamics of local conditions of affected theaters like the Lincoln as much as national structure did. Historically, social and economic conditions changed greatly for Austin’s Black movie houses appeared. During and after Reconstruction, Black neighborhoods had existed in several locations around Austin: Clarksville in west Austin, Kincheonville to the south, Gregoryville in East Austin, Masontown in the southeast. Horse’s Pasture and Wheatville to the north, and so on (Austin American-Statesman, D41). Compared to other towns of the time, particularly in the South, race relations were fairly calm, albeit within the practice of institutionalized racism. The town boasted â€Å"three colleges and institutions for colored people,† maintained some neighborhoods (such as Masontown) that were racially integrated among Blacks, Whites, Hispanics, and Asians, and in general obtained a reputation as a town without the major problems of racial violence that plagued most American communities. But during the ‘teens segregation patterns began to develop’ (Freeman). In 1919 a White representative of the young NAACp was beaten by a White mob in the middle of downtown, and in the 1920s â€Å"the city of Austin created a ‘Negro district’ in East Austin†¦ inducing blacks to move there† by implementing though zoning laws elsewhere (Austin American-Statesman, D41). So it was that the majority of Austin’s African American population (which has consistently remained at just below 20 percent of Austin’s total) became concentrated in an area east of downtown and between 12th Street to the north and 7th Street to the south. Not surprisingly, then, both of Austin’s silent-era Black theaters were built on East 6th Street, near the racial dividing line of East Avenue, within the only downtown shopping and dining district that served Black patrons, yet away from the White theater district on the city’s main thoroughfare of Congress Avenue. I could uncover little information, however, that would indicate the nature or reception of these early movie houses. Longtime Austin resident I. C. Jones recalled visiting the Lincoln as a child, where he remembers a piano player accompanying the motion picture entertainment. Lonnie Bell, who wrote for the Black press in Austin for 50 years, indicates that in the 1920s both the Lyric and the â€Å"Lawson Lincoln Theater† were among the very few venues for Black entertainment in the city and so â€Å"did well before the Great Depression in ’29. † (10)Other information about Everett Givens also indicates that he made the Lyric/Dunbar into a focal point for the Black community, viewing the theater as a civic improvement projects as much as a business investment. Flachmeier 32) That these two movie houses were well received an supported by the Black community can also be inferred from the fact that a 1940 account of Austin history prepared by students at Tiltson College (a Black institution) referred to the era of 1905 to 1929 as a time when â€Å"privately owned amusement centers were developed† by Blacks – even though no other Black amusements of second were instituted during this period (Brewer 34). As I mentioned earlier , the cause for these theaters’ demise cannot be established absolutely, but several factors undoubtedly offer reasonable explanations. Bell’s assertion that it was the economic devastation of the Depression that closed the Lincoln and Dunbar makes logical economic sense. Black theater owners, like even the big-time operators, would have been hit hard as the US economy collapsed. Moreover, inasmuch as movie tickets are purchased with â€Å"disposable† income, Black patrons would have been especially likely to curtail their moviegoing since even before the Depression Blacks in Austin earned only one-half the wage of White workers. More specifically, both houses in Austin would have found it even more difficult to cope with the hard times if they attempted to make the costly transition to sound technology in the late twenties or early thirties. The Dallas Film Board o Trade’s statistics on Texas theaters indicate that many theaters, especially independently operated ones, closed in the early thirties, having no sound. (In Austin, two of the five White houses, the Crescent and Star, also went out of business in 1929 to 1931. Furthermore, one-third of Texas’ 30 â€Å"colored theaters† were listed as â€Å"closed, no sound† by the mid-1930s. Other factors may have led to the closure of the Lincoln and Dunbar, but, given the theaters’ dependence on the patron-age of a small, economically marginalized population, in the midst of a severe depression their failure is not surprising. But the history of Black film theaters in Austin did not end with the closing of the Dunbar in 1931. In that same year, real estate was purchased and construction begun on a new movie house that would serve as the hub of Black filmgoing in Austin for the next 40 years. The Harlem Theater, which opened on October 5, 1935 (Green 9), distinguished itself from the earlier theaters – and all subsequent ones – by being located in the heart of East Austin, at 1800 E. 12 Street, where it could better attract Black moviegoers. However, before discussing the reasons for the Harlem’s longevity, I point out that although it was Austin’s only exclusively Black theater, it was not without its competitor for Black audiences. All accounts of Austin in the 1930s and forties agree that the Ritz Theater was the only other house that admitted Black patrons on a regular basis, though customers there were limited to balcony seating and made to use a separate entrance. The Ritz, located on the same block of East 6th street where the Lincoln operated, opened in 1930 under White management, showing a variety of second-run Hollywood films. Manager J. J. Hegman (and his son after him) maintained the segregated seating policy until the Ritz’s closing in the early 1960s. More prominent Austin houses, such as those first-run members of the prestigious Interstate Theater Fircuit (the Paramount, Texas, State and Queen), advertised â€Å"colored midnight shows† from time to time as part of the chain’s overall marketing scheme (1942 Yearbook). Thus, while there was some competition for the Black filmgoing audience, segregated, White-managed theaters did not attempt to offer African Americans the filmgoing experience and environment of an all-Black house like the Harlem; however, the Ritz balcony and special events at other White movie establishments did continue to cultivate and maintain Black filmgoing in the Depression, when no Black Austin theaters were open. Harlem were filled by Black employees with the single exception of the projectionists. But for a small neighborhood theater like the Harlem, any sort of product differentiation whether it was with films, live acts, or ambience would have failed to produce enough box offices for the theater’s survival. As with any theater, the bulk of the profit came not from fifteen and twenty-five cent admissions, but from concessions. On this count, the Harlem again distinguished itself as unique among Austin theaters. In addition to the usual popcorn, candy and soft drink sales, the Harlem Theater operated a confectionery. When the Harlem opened in the midst of America’s Depression in late 1935, the theater soon established itself as one of Austin’s most visible and stable Black-owned businesses. In film industry terms, the Harlem’s success was small. With only 14,000 African American residents in 1935, Austin’s marketplace for Black films was extremely limited, and the theater never expanded nor led to a chain of others. But, through a combination of strategic location, product differentiation, managerial conservatism, and diversification, the Harlem Theater was able to become a profitable local business in the midst of an industry whose structure tended to favor national giants. Like the Lyric before it, the Harlem was established by a middle-class, Black Austin native who had been educated at Tillotson College and operated successfully in other local business before embarking on a risky career in the amusement industry. But George F. Jones, who was already in his forties when he opened the Harlem, also had some experience in programming films for Black audiences. His older brother Evie had purchased an Edison projector in the ‘teens and traveled to tent shows in the South and Black churches in Philadelphia showing â€Å"church movies† (that is, filmed passion plays) to all-Black audiences. After college, five years as a postal clerk, and ten years as a bookkeeper. George F.  Jones himself had worked as the head of Prairie View, Texas’ Auditorium (a film theater) while employed as a clerk at Prairie View State College (1925-35) (Brewer 7). With his wife, Sadie, a Prairie View graduate and educator, Jones was active in the Austin real estate market and their â€Å"co-partnership† became known for â€Å"accumulating valuable real estate holdings. † For the last two decades of his life Jones devoted most of his efforts to managing the Harlem, setting up residence next door to the corner theater upon his return to Austin from Prairie View. While his establishment may not have been unique for its time (there were more than three or four hundred Black theaters in the country), the Harlem was remarkable for being only one of seven US theaters owned and operated by Blacks (The Early Days in East Austin, D42). As an experienced theater manager, real estate buyer, and member of Austin’s African American community. George Jones no doubt realized the importance of the theater’s strategic location in determining its success at attracting movegoers. East 12th Street was essentially the Main Street of East Austin (Early Days in East Austin, D42). The area around the Harlem represented a microcosm of African American life: it was both a quiet neighborhood of residences, churches, grocers, drug stores beauty shops, and cafes, and a place to be â€Å"going up on the cuts† – a street where the action and entertainment were, in the form of taverns, beer joints, and (a block away) the Cotton Club and Paradise Inn for music and dancing. The Harlem was also part of â€Å"The End,† that area around 12th and Chicon Streets (one block away) where Austin’s streetcars, until their cessation in 1940, stopped and turned back toward downtown. In essence, those factors which determined that White theaters were centrally located along Congers Avenue – transportation proximity, pedestrian traffic, shopping convenience, high visibility – similarly made East 12th the choice location for a successful Black movie house.

Japan waste pollution Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In this paper we will discuss the waste treatment plans that have been implemented, its benefits and those that are in the process of implementation. Past accomplishments in waste treatment It was in 1990 that Japan first made amendments in its environmental laws, including regulations regarding improvement of treatment facilities, restriction of emissions, restriction of waste, relief to waste pollution victims, restriction of land use and other issues. Initially, people were not concerned with environmental improvement and only wished that they would not have to be victims of pollution. Slowly, this changed and people began to believe that it was necessary to implement environmental friendly ideas. Japan then got involved in the most rigorous efforts ever invested in minimizing wastes and promoting recycling as far as possible. The industrial wastes problem included the misuse of disposal sites, inappropriate treatment methods and inappropriate reclamation of wastes. These activities caused the people of Japan to fear environmental damage and began to lose confidence in the environmental laws. In response to this, in 1993, an environmental law was passed: The Basic Law for the Promotion of a Recycling-Oriented Society of 2000.We will write a custom essay sample on Japan waste pollution or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The law aims to: reduce the amount of waste as far as possible, reuse the wastes over and over as far as possible, when items cannot be reused, they must be recycled and used as raw material, even when waste materials are incinerated, use the heat generated by incineration for power generation, also known as thermal recycling, in case none of the above is possible, dispose of waste material in an appropriate manner. (Wong, 2010). Another law which has greatly contributed to the cause of managing and reducing waste pollution is The Waste management law, amended in 2000. The law includes: Definition and categorization of wastes, standards for waste treatment, implementing national policy and regional programs, treatment of municipal waste by municipalities, authorization for waste transporters, treatment facilities and landfills, manifest system for industrial waste and official inspection and penalties. (2.kankyo. metro. tokyo. jp) Present accomplishments in waste treatment Several other laws have been implemented in Japan over the recent years in an attempt to curb waste pollution such as packaging recycling law, electric appliances recycling law, construction waste recycling law, food waste recycling law and end-of-life vehicle recycling law.

The Media And Its Popularity - 933 Words

Man has always asked about nature’s existence and how did it come to be. Did the origin of life accidentally come into being, or was it the artwork of a more majestic being? Or did the self. existing God give nature the trigger and everything else came in an orderly manner? These types of questions are not new to humanity. Predated philosophers since the times of Plato and Aristotle, around 300.400 BC, have already asked themselves about their existence. On the other side, theologians have always existed even before the cradle of civilises ion. the Sumerians, some 6,000 years ago. Religious figures believe that nature was not a seltoriginating mechanism but It is the work of a more superior being. So is region backed by science or do they†¦show more content†¦A Brief History The origin of life was created by the almighty Got who created the heavens and the Earth. This was the answer to the purpose of life question by many cultures until only two centuries ago when It partially changed. It seems now that society has been divided into few beliefs. One: God created everything. Two: God had nothing to do with creation. Three: We were created by God but In a special mechanism. One question remains to be answered: which group is right? There s one man who influenced this whole argument back in the 15n century. Charles Darwin. an English naturalist. born on the 12/02/1809 in England. from a wealthy background studied divinity at Cambridge. When Danvin was In his young adulthood he went on a voyage known as the Beagle voyage which took a total of five years, from 27/12/1831 until 2/10/1836. On this adventure. Darwin arrived at an Island called Galapagos, about five hundred miles west of South America. where he became inspired by the diversity of species. lie began to take notes and made several sketches of what he saw; the most famous observation was the beaks of the finches. When Darwin returned to England in 1836. he began to put the picture together and come up with how the species came into being. In 1838 Danvin developed the idea of natural selection which backed his theory, the Theory of Evolution, later published In his book, the Origin of Species, in 1858. The

Challenges Of Management And Human Resources - 934 Words

Challenges in Management and Human Resources The corporate culture of IKEA has a great influence on the company from the supplier to its customers. At IKEA, co-workers are expected to follow the principles set forth in the â€Å"Testament of a Furniture Dealer†, while managers are expected to be role models instead of dictators. IKEA’s corporate conduct establishes standards that follow a command that the IKEA business shall have an overall positive impact on people and the environment. IKEA motivation when it enters new markets is not to only make money, but also develop a relationship with its customers and employees to make a better future for many people. However, many of the company’s high corporate standards stop at the many of its global countries border due in part to cultural diversities. Cultural Diversity in Management Gretzinger stated, â€Å"While national companies just have to (re-)combine resources within a homogeneous organizational setting, multinationals are acting in a multicultural setting. Cooperation among the host-company and subsidiaries abroad needs common ground, especially respectively communication (p. 194). The goal of many business is to be diverse in the workplace; however, when a business expands globally they increase the communication filters and language barriers that impacts the business’ developments. Business have to keep in mind that what is acceptable in one culture may not be acceptable in another. For example, IKEA’s management style is notShow MoreRelatedThe Challenges Of Human Resource Management872 Words   |  4 Pageson human resource management. One of the greatest challenges that human resource management faces in terms of workplace globalization is workplace diversity. Diversity is the condition of having or being composed of differing elements : VARIETY; especially : the inclusion of different types of people (as people of different races or cultures) in a group or organization programs intended to promote diversity in schools.( http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diversity) Human Resource ManagementRead MoreChallenges And Implications Of Human Resource Management1393 Words   |  6 Pages(Topic 3) Challenges and Implications Human resource management is arguably one of the most important departments in every organization. Just like other departments in the organization human resource management faces its share of challenges. One of the major challenges the department has been facing in the recent past is the trend in the mobility of human resources (Caulfield, 2010). Human resource mobility refers to the movement of employees either internally or externally. Internal mobility includesRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Challenges Faced By International Human Resources1073 Words   |  5 PagesInternational Human Resource Management Paper code: 95.806 (b) Term 1 Lecturer: Dr. Robert Khan Assignment 1 Topic details: Development of personnel management to human resource management and challenges faced by International human resource department Word count: ----- Name: Bhushan Kanubhai Parmar Student ID: S2144200 Human resource management (HRM) is concerned with all parts of how individuals are utilized and oversaw in associations. It blankets the exercises of vital HRM, human capitalRead MoreThe Emerging Challenges in Human Resource Management Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesthe past human resources management played more of an administrative role which were consist of processing payrolls, sending birthday gifts to employees, rearranging company outings, and making sure forms were filled out correctly. Human resource management has experienced several changes over the last twenty years such as staffing, development of Workplace policies, compensation and benefits administration, retention, and training and development. These changes have brought many challenges to humanRead MoreMajor Challenges Facing Human Resource Management979 Words   |  4 PagesHuman Resource Management Challenges The rapidly transforming business landscape means that there are currently many human resource management challenges which will continue to evolve for years to come. Tom Marsden, Director of Professional Services at Alexander Mann Solutions says that HR departments really need to be adding real business value to their organizations. Although the restrictions of the recession arent over yet, companies are recognizing that in 2010, they will need to take stepsRead MoreHuman Resource Management: Issues, Challenges, and Opportunities3180 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿Human Resource Managemement Statistical Analysis The data for this analysis originated from both primary and secondary sources. Primary sources included conversations with professionals in the field of Human Resource. The organization and operations of major international corporations also featured in the sampling process. Books and other literature on the field formed a great portion of the literature analysis. The benefits and salaries of employees comprise the majority of organizations operatingRead MoreNew Challenges in Retail Human Resource Management5813 Words   |  24 PagesWhy Do We Need Professional Human Resource Management in Retailing? Such terms as globalization, process management, and value-based management dominate the current discussion of management in retail co mpanies. There has been an increasing realization that people are one of a company’s key assets. Re- tail means working and serving customers in a direct, personal way. This calls for special actions from retail companies to fulfill the demands of an increasing num- ber of well-informedRead MoreHuman Resource Management Challenges and Changes Nt Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesBHM 324: Human Resource Management Challenges and Changes Joshua Stallard May 26, 2013 Module 1 Case Assignment Human resource management is significant because it kind of acts as a synergistic entity. All the parts need to be able to work together and communicate to result in a smooth product. Organizational restructuring has impacted staffing in healthcare organizations because it predominately ends up with cutting jobs. The workload becomes soRead MoreSeminar on  Challenges in Human Resource Management in 21st Century1223 Words   |  5 PagesSEMINAR ON CHALLENGES IN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN 21st CENTURY November 27, 2010 WORKERS MOTIVATION AS A CHALLENGE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT K.C.Das Commerce College, Chatribari Guwahati-8 PresentedRead MoreThe Challenges and Practices of Human Resource Management in Ethio Telecom9631 Words   |  39 Pagesfor sustainable competitive advantage. Organizations that do not put their emphasis on attracting and retaining talents may find themselves in dire consequences, as their competitors may be outplaying them in the strategic employment of their human resources. With the increase in competition locally or globally organizations must become more adaptable, resilient, agile, and customer-focused to succeed. This study arises from the need to manage the HR of the company more effectively. The rapid growth

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathemati Essay Example For Students

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathemati Essay cian, physicist and astronomer. He is considered to be the greatest mathematician of his time, equal to the likes ofArchimedes and Isaac Newton. He is frequently called the founder of modernmathematics. It must also be noted that his work in the fields of astronomy and physics(especially the study of electromagnetism) is nearly as significant as that in mathematics. He also contributed much to crystallography, optics, biostatistics and mechanics. Gauss was born in Braunschweig, or Brunswick, Duchy of Brunswick (now Germany)on April 30, 1777 to a peasant couple. There exists many anecdotes referring to hisextraordinary feats of mental computation. It is said that as an old man, Gauss saidjokingly that he could count before he could talk. Gauss began elementary school at theage of seven, and his potential was noticed immediately. He so impressed his teacherButtner, and his assistant, Martin Bartels, that they both convinced Gausss father that hisson should be permitted to study with a view toward entering a university. Gausssextraordinary achievement which caused this impression occurred when he demonstratedhis ability to sum the integers from 1 to 100 by spotting that the sum was 50 pairs ofnumbers each pair summing 101. In 1788, Gauss began his education at the Gymnasium with the help of Buttner andBartels, where he distinguished himself in the ancient languages of High German andLatin and mathematics. At the age of 14 Gauss was presented to the duke of Brunswick Wolfenbuttel, at court where he was permitted to exhibit his computing skill. Hisabilities impressed the duke so much that the duke generously supported Gauss until thedukes death in 1806. Gauss conceived almost all of his fundamental mathematicaldiscoveries between the ages of 14 and 17. In 1791 he began to do totally new andinnovative work in mathematics. With the stipend he received from the duke, Gaussentered Brunswick Collegium Carolinum in 1792. At the academy Gauss independentlydiscovered Bodes law, the binomial theorem and the arithmetic-geometric mean, as wellas the law of quadratic reciprocity. Between the years 1793-94, while still at theacademy, he did an intensive research in number theory, especially on prime numbers. Gauss ma de this his lifes passion and is looked upon as its modern founder. In 1795Gauss left Brunswick to study at Gottingen University. His teacher at the university wasKaestner, whom Gauss often ridiculed. His only known friend amongst the studentsFarkas Bolyai. They met in 1799 and corresponded with each other for many years. On March 30, 1796, Gauss discovered that the regular heptadecagon, apolygon with17 sides, is inscriptible in a circle, using only compasses and straightedge the firstsuch discovery in Euclidean construction in more than 2,000 years. He not onlysucceeded in proving this construction impossible, but he went on to give methods ofconstructing figures with 17, 257, and 65,537 sides. In doing so, he proved that theconstructions, with compass and ruler, of a regular polygon with an odd number of sideswas possible only when the number of sides was a prime number of the series 3,5 17, 257and 65,537 or was a multiple of two or more of these numbers. This discovery was to beconsidered the most major advance in this field since the time of Greek mathematics andwas published as Section VII of Gausss famous work, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae. With this discovery he gave up his intention to study languages and turned tomathematics. Gauss left Gottingen in 1798 without a diploma. He returned to Bru nswick where hereceived a degree in 1799. The Duke of Brunswick requested that Gauss submit adoctoral dissertation to the University of Helmstedt, with Pfaff chosen to be his advisor. Gausss dissertation was a discussion of the fundamental theorem of algebra. Hesubmitted proof that every algebraic equation has at least one root, or solution. Thistheorem, which had challenged mathematicians for centuries, is still called thefundamental theorem of algebra. Because he received a stipend from the Duke of Brunswick, Gauss had no need to finda job and devoted most of his time to research. He decided to write a book on the theoryof numbers. There were seven sections, all but the last section (referred to in theprevious paragraph) being loyal to the number theory. It appeared in the summer of 1801and is a classic held to be Gausss greatest accomplishment. Gauss was considered to beextremely meticulous in his work and would not publish any result without a completeproof. Thus, many discoveries were not credited to him and were remade by others later,e. g. the work of Janos Bolyai and Nikolai Lobachevsky in non-Euclidean geometry,Augustin Cauchy in complex variable analysis, Carl Jacobi in elliptic functions, and SirWilliam Rowan Hamilton in quaternions. Gauss discovered earlier, independent ofAdrien Legendre, the method of least squares. Pepsi Project Report EssayThe paper arose out of his geodesic interests, but it contained such geometrical ideas asGaussian curvature. The paper also includes Gausss famous theorema egregrium: If an area in Ecan be developed (i.e. mapped isometrically) into another area of E, the values of the Gaussian curvatures are identical in corresponding points. During the years 1817-1832 Gauss again went through personal turmoil. His ailingmother moved in with him in 1817 and remained with him until his death in 1839. It wasalso during this period that he was involved in arguments with his wife and her familyregarding the possibility of moving to Berlin. Gauss had been offered a position at theBerlin University and Minna and her family were eager to move there. Gauss, however,never liked change and decided to stay in Gottingen. In 1831, Gausss second wife diedafter a long illness. Wilhelm Weber arrived in Gottingen in 1831 as a physics professor filling TobiasMayers chair. Gauss had known Weber since 1828 and supported his appointment. Gauss had worked on physics before 1831, publishing a paper which contained theprinciple of least constraint. He also published a second paper which discussed forces ofattraction. These papers were based on Gausss potential theory, which proved of greatimportance in his work on physics. He later came to believe his potential theory and hismethod of least squares provided vital links between science and nature. In the six yearsthat Weber remained in Gottingen much was accomplished by his collaborative workwith Gauss. They did extensive research on magnetism. Gausss applications ofmathematics to both magnetism and electricity are among his most important works; theunit of intensity of magnetic fields is today called the gauss. He wrote papers dealingwith the current theories on terrestrial magnetism, including Poissons ideas, abso lutemeasure for magnetic force and an empirical definition of terrestrial magnetism. Together they discovered Kirchoffs laws, and also built a primitive electromagnetictelegraph. Although this period of his life was an enjoyable pastime for Gauss, his worksin this area produced many concrete results. After Weber was forced to leave Gottingen due to a political dispute, Gausss activitygradually began to decrease. He still produced letters in response to fellow scientistsdiscoveries ususally remarking that he had known the methods for years but had neverfelt the need to publish. Sometimes he seemed extremely pleased with advances madeby other mathematicians, especially that of Eisenstein and of Lobachevsky. From 1845to 1851 Gauss spent the years updating the Gottingen University widows fund. Thiswork gave him practical experience in financial matters, and he went on to make hisfortune through shrewd investments in bonds issued by private companies. Gauss presented his golden jubilee l ecture in 1849, fifty years after receiving hisdiploma from Hemstedt University. It was appropriately a variation on his dissertation of1799. From the mathematical community only Jacobi and Dirichlet were present, butGauss received many messages and honors. From 1850 onward, Gausss work was againof nearly all of a practical nature although he did approve Riemanns doctoral thesis andheard his probationary lecture. His last known scientific exchange was with Gerling. Hediscussed a modified Foucalt pendulum in 1854. He was also able to attend the openingof the new railway link between Hanover and Gottingen, but this proved to be his lastouting. His health deteriorated slowly, and Gauss died in his sleep early in the morningof February 23, 1855.

Analysis Short Story and Robin Black free essay sample

Divorced, Beheaded, Survived by Robin Black In this essay will I analyse and interpret Robin Blacks short story Divorced, Beheaded, Survived. I will focus on the structure and the use of symbols in the short story in a part of my essay. The short story Divorced, Beheaded, Survived is written by Robin Black in 2010. The short story is about a woman who thinks back of her childhood, where her brother still lived. She recalls how everybody started ignoring her and her brother when he got sick and died. In present her son loses his best friend and goes through the same type of sorrow. She thinks back at a stage play they used to act with some other kids in the back yard. The short story takes place on Manhattan in about 2004. The main character thinks back at her childhood in Massachusetts. In the present the main character lives with her husband, Lyle, and her two children, Mark and Coco, on Manhattan. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis: Short Story and Robin Black or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the past she lived with her parents and her older brother in a house. Her childhood home had a small yard with rosebushes and a Japanese maple. The main character is named Sarah. She went to high school and college. She has had a brief marriage with another man, but is now married to Lyle, whom she has two children with. Her to kids are 16 years old, Mark, and 12 years old, Coco. She had a brother named Terrance, called terry, who died in 1974, when he was about 14. Sarah was about 12 when he died. Sarah did not want her two kids to be closer at age, because she would not want them to be like her brother and her. But I put our second child off, and so my boy and girl were always Just a little different from the air we used to be (Page 2, line 63-64) Sarah tries to protect her children and her self from sorrow and from being frightened, by taking down the pictures of her dead brother. l was afraid my brothers face would become a fearful thing for them. And maybe for me as well, with kids of my own. (Page 4, line 139-140) She thinks a lot of the stage p lay she performed in her childhood home with her brother and some of the neighbours kids, and how her friends vanished when Terry got sick. She remembers how it felt and how hard it was to get trough, and she knows it will take Marks some time as well to get over his loss. And I know that he will. It Just takes time ( ) Itll take some more time (Page 4, line 152-153) The short story is written with a 1st person narrator. l dont think about Terry everyday, anymore (Page 4, Line 127) It is not an omniscient narrator, because we only get to now the main characters feelings and thoughts. The short story Jumps in time by the main characters thoughts. It begins with Sarahs childhood, where you near now it was betore Terry got sick and it switches to present atter we near he ied. As a reader you get thrown right into her present life, where she get a call regarding her sons best friends death. Just as she is about to tell her son, we are en the past again hearing about how the time was when Terry was sick. Through the whole story does Robin Black switch from past to present and reverse in exiting moments, which catches the readers attention. We alternate between hearing about how she was and how she is now. It is first in the very last part we hear how she got trough the rough period. Robin Black uses the tree words divorced, beheaded and survived, not only in the headline but more than one time in the story. The tree words are a symbol of the 3 periods you are going through, when a loved one gets sick and die. Divorced is the time where your friends start avoiding you, not because they do not love you, but because they do not know how to react. The second period is beheaded, where the loved one dies, which is the rough period. The last word is survived. Even though it has been hard, will there be light again. You will get trough it. In the beginning of the hort story Sarah remember how everybody wanted to be Anne Boleyn, the plum role, and how Terry was the best to play her. I think Terry is a symbol of Anne Boleyn. The people surrounding them admire both of them and they both die anyways. I think they are a symbol of how nothing comes easy and you should be happy for what you have. The main themes are sorrow, dealing with sorrow and how life goes on. Trough Sarahs thoughts we hear how you cannot be prepared to lose a person you love. Many people have a hard time dealing with death and do not know how to act. In . Divorced, Beheaded, Survived Robin Black describes how Sarahs friends quietly start ignoring her and the brother begins as well. She feels alone with her sorrow, which many people do. We had played together all our lives, and then it ended. There was no more ease between us. Not even between my brother and me. (Page 3, line 105-106) In the short story the main character is dealing with her sorrow by burying it. Silences, agreed to. Intimacies, put away. (Page 5, Line 173) Her friends who knew her brother were avoiding her, so she could not talk to them about her feelings.